We present systematic experiments of the rupture and dewetting of thin films of a nonvolatile polar liquid on partially wetting substrates due to a moving slot jet, which impinges at normal incidence. The relative motion was provided by a custom-built spin coater with a bidirectionally accessible axis of rotation that enabled us to measure film thickness profiles in situ as a function of substrate velocity using dual-wavelength interference microscopy. On partially wetting polymeric substrates, dry spots form in liquid films with a residual thickness well below 1 μm. We measured the density of dry spots as well as the density and size distribution of the residual droplets as a function of film thickness. In a certain parameter range, the droplet distributions exhibit pronounced anisotropy due to the effect of long-range shear stresses on the dewetting rim instability. We find robust power-law scaling relations over a large range of film thicknesses and a striking similarity to literature data obtained with ultrathin polymer melt layers on silicon substrates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la403988n | DOI Listing |
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
Hypothesis: Bubbles oscillating near a free surface are common across numerous systems. Thin liquid films (TLFs) formed between an oscillating bubble and a free surface can exhibit distinct morphological features influenced by interfacial properties, evaporation, and deformation history. We hypothesize that a continuous film presence throughout oscillation results in a wimple morphology, whereas intermittent film presence leads to a dimple formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences and Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), antireflection (AR) coatings for airbus windows, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, transparent p-n junction diodes, etc. are a few of the best uses for this material.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
Actuators based on liquid crystals have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in wearable technology and bionic soft robots. Composite films composed of liquid crystal polymer networks (LCNs) and other stimulus-responsive materials exhibit the capability to convert external stimuli into mechanical deformation. However, the development of sunlight-driven actuators presents significant challenges, primarily due to the relatively low intensity of sunlight and the limited conversion efficiency of photothermal materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Adv
December 2024
Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
Fuel cells have become increasingly important in recent years because of their high energy efficiency and low environmental impact. However, key challenges remain in the widespread adoption of fuel-cell vehicles, including reducing Pt usage in catalysts and improving their durability. In this study, a high-performance Pt@carbon-dot-film core-shell catalyst was successfully synthesized using a nonequilibrium reaction field, , solution plasma (SP) process, by adjusting the electrolyte pH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaking into account phase-polarization interactions is crucial for the formation of spatially structured laser beams. The effects that arise in this context can lead to the modulation of individual field components and the transformation of the overall light field. In this study, we investigate the impact of phase and polarization distributions with radial dependencies in polar coordinates on the longitudinal component of laser beams passing through a transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) based on twisted nematic liquid crystals.
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