About nine children out of ten present at least one episode of otitis media with effusion (OME) before school age and near a third suffer from persistent or repetitive OME, which involves a higher risk of speech difficulties and of reduced learning abilities. The care of children with repeated or persistent OME remains a debated topic. The assessment of the risk of speech difficulties should go beyond the quantification of the hearing deficit. It should also take into account the context in which the disorder has developped and detect any comorbidity from which the child might suffer. Based on these various considerations, it will be necessary to assess the value of an immediate surgical treatment as opposed to the risks of a prolonged observation period.
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