AI Article Synopsis
- Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are key components of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), where hyperinsulinaemia can be both a result of and a contributor to insulin resistance and obesity.
- This review explores the differences in glucose and insulin metabolism in horses compared to humans, aiming to better understand EMS.
- It discusses factors like glucose uptake, the impact of diet on insulin responses, and how various tissues and the pancreas manage glucose under different metabolic conditions.
Article Abstract
One of the principal components of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is hyperinsulinaemia combined with insulin resistance. It has long been known that hyperinsulinaemia occurs after the development of insulin resistance. But it is also known that hyperinsulinaemia itself can induce insulin resistance and obesity and might play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the physiology of glucose and insulin metabolism and the pathophysiological mechanisms in glucose homeostasis in the horse (compared with what is already known in humans) in order to gain insight into the pathophysiological principles underlying EMS. The review summarizes new insights on the oral uptake of glucose by the gut and the enteroinsular axis, the role of diet in incretin hormone and postprandial insulin responses, the handling of glucose by the liver, muscle and fat tissue, and the production and secretion of insulin by the pancreas under healthy and disrupted glucose homeostatic conditions in horses.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.064 | DOI Listing |
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