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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319940110 | DOI Listing |
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Isotopes prove advanced, integral crop production, and stockbreeding strategies nourished Trypillia mega-populations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2023
Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24118, Germany.
After 500 y of colonizing the forest-steppe area northwest of the Black Sea, on the territories of what is today Moldova and Ukraine, Trypillia societies founded large, aggregated settlements from ca. 4150 BCE and mega-sites (>100 ha) from ca. 3950 BCE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly Neolithic pastoral land use at Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Hungary (Starčevo culture): New insights from stable isotope ratios.
PLoS One
December 2023
Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
The earliest introduction of livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, pigs) into the Carpathian Basin was an important step towards farming expansion into continental Europe. This spread beyond the environments of the southern Balkans was accompanied by a reduction in the spectrum of cultivated crops, changes in the relative representation of different domestic animals, and, most likely, adaptations of husbandry practices. How the earliest farmers in the Carpathian Basin kept their domestic stock is still understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhite-gutted soldiers: simplification of the digestive tube for a non-particulate diet in higher Old World termites (Isoptera: Termitidae).
Insectes Soc
July 2017
Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellow, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK.
Previous observations have noted that in some species of higher termites the soldier caste lacks pigmented particles in its gut and, instead, is fed worker saliva that imparts a whitish coloration to the abdomen. In order to investigate the occurrence of this trait more thoroughly, we surveyed a broad diversity of termite specimens and taxonomic descriptions from the Old World subfamilies Apicotermitinae, Cubitermitinae, Foraminitermitinae, Macrotermitinae, and Termitinae. We identified 38 genera that have this "white-gutted" soldier (WGS) trait.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegional asynchronicity in dairy production and processing in early farming communities of the northern Mediterranean.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2016
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
In the absence of any direct evidence, the relative importance of meat and dairy productions to Neolithic prehistoric Mediterranean communities has been extensively debated. Here, we combine lipid residue analysis of ceramic vessels with osteo-archaeological age-at-death analysis from 82 northern Mediterranean and Near Eastern sites dating from the seventh to fifth millennia BC to address this question. The findings show variable intensities in dairy and nondairy activities in the Mediterranean region with the slaughter profiles of domesticated ruminants mirroring the results of the organic residue analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExperimental Barley Flour Production in 12,500-Year-Old Rock-Cut Mortars in Southwestern Asia.
PLoS One
May 2016
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Experimental archaeology at a Natufian site in the Southern Levant documents for the first time the use of 12,500-year-old rock-cut mortars for producing wild barley flour, some 2,000 to 3,000 years before cereal cultivation. Our reconstruction involved processing wild barley on the prehistoric threshing floor, followed by use of the conical mortars (a common feature in Natufian sites), thereby demonstrating the efficient peeling and milling of hulled grains. This discovery complements nearly 80 years of investigations suggesting that the Natufians regularly harvested almost-ripe wild cereals using sickles hafted with flint blades.
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