We present numerical simulations optimizing the layer shapes of curved focusing x-ray multilayer mirrors deployed at synchrotron radiation facilities using a wave-optical model. The confocal elliptical shapes of the inner layers are corrected for refraction based on the modified Bragg law. Simulated wave amplitudes are further propagated to the focal region, promising nanometer focusing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.005126 | DOI Listing |
Thyroid cytopathology, particularly in cases of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), suffers from suboptimal sensitivity and specificity challenges. Recent advancements in digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This systematic review included studies from 2000 to 2023, focusing on diagnostic accuracy in AUS/FLUS cases using AI, whole slide imaging (WSI), or both.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
January 2025
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
Organic multilayer systems, which are stacked layers of different organic materials, are used in various organic electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In particular, OFETs are promising as key components in flexible electronic devices. In this study, we investigated how the inclusion of an insulating tetratetracontane (TTC) interlayer in ambipolar indigo-based OFETs can be used to alter the crystallinity and electrical properties of the indigo charge transport layer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
We report the appearance of superconductivity in single-unit-cell NdNiO, exhibiting a transition temperature similar to that of thicker films. In situ synchrotron x-ray scattering performed during growth of the parent phase, NdNiO, shows that the necessary layer-by-layer deposition sequence does not follow the sequence of the formula unit but an alternate order due to the relative stability of the perovskite unit cell. We exploit this insight to grow ultrathin NdNiO heterostructures and conduct in situ studies of topotactic reduction, finding that formation of the square-planar phase occurs rapidly and is highly sensitive to reduction temperature, with small deviations from the optimum condition leading to inhomogeneity and the loss of superconductivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Disruptions to brain networks, measured using structural (sMRI), diffusion (dMRI), or functional (fMRI) MRI, have been shown in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), highlighting the relevance of regions in the core of the connectome but yielding mixed results depending on the studied connectivity domain. Using a multilayer network approach, we integrated these three modalities to portray an enriched representation of the brain's core-periphery organization and explore its alterations in PwMS. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we selected PwMS and healthy controls with complete multimodal brain MRI acquisitions from 13 European centers within the MAGNIMS network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
Distinguishing between primary adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours holds significant management implications. We assessed the performance of radiomics-based models in distinguishing primary there is from SCC presenting as lung nodules on Computed Tomography (CT) scans. We studied individuals with histopathologically proven adenocarcinoma or SCC type NSCLC tumours, detected as lung nodules on Chest CT.
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