Astronauts working and living in space are exposed to considerably higher doses and different qualities of ionizing radiation than people on Earth. The multilateral MATROSHKA (MTR) experiment, coordinated by the German Aerospace Center, represents the most comprehensive effort to date in radiation protection dosimetry in space using an anthropomorphic upper-torso phantom used for radiotherapy treatment planning. The anthropomorphic upper-torso phantom maps the radiation distribution as a simulated human body installed outside (MTR-1) and inside different compartments (MTR-2A: Pirs; MTR-2B: Zvezda) of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. Thermoluminescence dosimeters arranged in a 2.54 cm orthogonal grid, at the site of vital organs and on the surface of the phantom allow for visualization of the absorbed dose distribution with superior spatial resolution. These results should help improve the estimation of radiation risks for long-term human space exploration and support benchmarking of radiation transport codes.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR13148.1 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Head Flail Corridors From Sled Impact Acceleration Tests for Use in Occupant-Centric Vehicle Design.
Mil Med
November 2023
Injury Biomechanics Division, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL 36362, USA.
Introduction: In aircraft crashes, injuries to the head and upper torso are frequently reported, with head injury reported most frequently of all body regions. Because preventing flail of the head and body is of utmost importance for occupant survival, the Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide (ACSDG), the guide to crashworthy aircraft design, published flail envelopes. However, the ACSDG flail envelopes are based on a single test with an anthropomorphic test device subjected to a frontal acceleration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTechnical evaluation of the cone-beam computed tomography imaging performance of a novel, mobile, gantry-based X-ray system for brachytherapy.
J Appl Clin Med Phys
February 2022
Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, Erlangen, Germany.
Purpose: A novel, mobile cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy was recently deployed at our hospital as worldwide first site. Prior to the device's clinical operation, a profound characterization of its imaging performance was conducted. This was essential to optimize both the imaging workflow and image quality for achieving the best possible clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBooster cushion design effects on child occupant kinematics and loading assessed using the PIPER 6-year-old HBM and the Q10 ATD in frontal impacts.
Traffic Inj Prev
October 2020
Volvo Cars Safety Centre, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Objective: Our objective was to study the effect on child occupant kinematics and loading by differences in booster cushion designs and attachment in a frontal impact.
Methods: Three different booster cushion designs were exposed to a frontal impact in vehicle rear seat interiors. The boosters were selected based on their difference in shape, stiffness, and guiding loop design.
HU deviation in lung and bone tissues: Characterization and a corrective strategy.
Med Phys
May 2018
Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Introduction: In the era of precision medicine, quantitative applications of x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) are on the rise. These require accurate measurement of the CT number, also known as the Hounsfield Unit. In this study, we evaluated the effect of patient attenuation-induced beam hardening of the x-ray spectrum on the accuracy of the HU values and a strategy to correct for the resulting deviations in the measured HU values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccupant Kinematics in Laboratory Rollover Tests: ATD Response and Biofidelity.
Stapp Car Crash J
November 2014
Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia.
Rollover crashes are a serious public health problem in United States, with one third of traffic fatalities occurring in crashes where rollover occurred. While it has been shown that occupant kinematics affect the injury risk in rollover crashes, no anthropomorphic test device (ATD) has yet demonstrated kinematic biofidelity in rollover crashes. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to assess the kinematic response biofidelity of six ATDs (Hybrid III, Hybrid III Pedestrian, Hybrid III with Pedestrian Pelvis, WorldSID, Polar II and THOR) by comparing them to post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) kinematic response targets published concurrently; and the secondary goal was to evaluate and compare the kinematic response differences among these ATDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!