Various studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has beneficial effects on obesity and associated disorders. Apelin, the ligand of APJ receptor also exerts insulin-sensitizing effects especially by improving muscle metabolism. EPA has been shown to increase apelin production in adipose tissue but its effects in muscle have not been addressed. Thus, the effects of EPA supplementation (36 g/kg EPA) in high-fat diet (HFD) (45% fat, 20% protein, 35% carbohydrate) were studied in mice with focus on muscle lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ expression. Compared with HFD mice, HFD+EPA mice had significantly less weight gain, fat mass, lower blood glucose, insulinemia and hepatic steatosis after 10 weeks of diet. In addition, EPA prevented muscle metabolism alterations since intramuscular triglycerides were decreased and β-oxidation increased. In soleus muscles of HFD+EPA mice, apelin and APJ expression were significantly increased compared to HFD mice. However, plasma apelin concentrations in HFD and HFD+EPA mice were similar. EPA-induced apelin expression was confirmed in differentiated C2C12 myocytes but in this model, apelin secretion was also increased in response to EPA treatment. In conclusion, EPA supplementation in HFD prevents obesity and metabolic alterations in mice, especially in skeletal muscle. Since EPA increases apelin/APJ expression in muscle, apelin may act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to contribute to these benefical effects.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820669 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078874 | PLOS |
Food Funct
December 2024
Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
Sarcopenia frequently occurs with aging and leads to major adverse impacts in elderly individuals. The protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against aging-related sarcopenia have been demonstrated; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of EPA or DHA alone remain inconclusive. Hence, the present study was aimed to clarify the differential effects and possible mechanisms of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2024
Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil.
Background/objectives: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats exhibit insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without obesity. This study explored the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on T lymphocyte polarization in Wistar (WT) and GK rats.
Methods: They were administered ω-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic (540 mg/g) and docosahexaenoic acids (100 mg/g) by oral gavage at 2 g/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks.
Nutrients
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs), specifically the most biologically active (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), have well-documented health-promoting effects, including, but not limited to, controlling inflammatory processes in the human body and supporting cardiovascular and cognitive health and visual processes. There is also some evidence pointing to the potential of EPA and DHA to preserve and/or enhance muscle strength. Muscle strength plays a crucial role in preventing age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function and the subsequent impaired functionality in the daily lives of the elderly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2024
Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Background/objectives: There is increasing evidence linking circulating neurotoxic lipids to the progression of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Strategies to modify lipid profiles, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplementation, may aid in managing conditions like painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN). In a previous study, we demonstrated that three months of DHA supplementation significantly altered the metabolomic profile of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN), resulting in symptom improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
December 2024
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
DHA and EPA, as indispensable n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), exert a fundamental influence on regulating fish growth, lipid metabolism, and overall well-being. However, there is a notable lack of data concerning their effects on the F female generation of Yangtze sturgeon. Over a ten-month period, this study assessed the impacts of various dietary concentrations of n-3 HUFAs (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!