Bladder cancer stem cell research is rapidly expanding based on the knowledge of cancer stem cells from various cancer types and normal stem cells as models. In various cancer types, cancer stem cells have been implicated in therapeutic resistance and relapse after initial therapy. Understanding how cancer stem cells differ from bulk cancer cells and how cancer stem cells contribute to relapse and resistance are essential to develop novel therapeutics to target cancer stem cells effectively. Here we review the latest information on bladder cancer stem cells, their biological characteristics, including their response to treatment, recurrence, immune context and technical problems encountered in bladder cancer stem cell research.
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MTHFD2 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through IFRD1 RNA m6A methylation-mediated HDAC3/p53/mTOR pathway.
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Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
MTHFD2 is highly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, indicating that it might be used as a target in breast cancer treatment. This study aims to determine the role of MTHFD2 in breast cancer cell proliferation and the molecular pathways involved. In order to investigate MTHFD2 gene expression and its downstream pathways in breast cancer, we started our inquiry with a bioinformatics analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical features, treatment modalities, and survival rates of pediatric central nervous system tumors: A retrospective analysis from a single center (2000-2020).
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Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Institute of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent 20-25% of childhood malignancies, with 35-40 new cases annually in Slovakia. Despite treatment advances, high mortality and poor quality of life in a lot of cases persist. This study assesses the clinical features, treatment modalities, and survival rates of pediatric CNS tumor patients in the single largest center in Slovakia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of calreticulin mutations on treatment and survival outcomes in myelofibrosis during ruxolitinib therapy.
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Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Hematology Area, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are detected in around 20% of patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). Regardless of driver mutations, patients with splenomegaly and symptoms are generally treated with JAK2-inhibitors, most commonly ruxolitinib. Recently, new therapies specifically targeting the CALR mutant clone have entered clinical investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicle-mediated VEGF-A mRNA delivery rescues ischaemic injury with low immunogenicity.
Eur Heart J
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School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 2199 Lishui Rd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
Background And Aims: Lackluster results from recently completed gene therapy clinical trials of VEGF-A delivered by viral vectors have heightened the need to develop alternative delivery strategies. This study aims to demonstrate the pre-clinical efficacy and safety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with VEGF-A mRNA for the treatment of ischaemic vascular disease.
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Hypoxic Cancer Cells-Derived Exosomes Strengthen the Development of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties Through Delivering LINC00665 in Thyroid Cancer Cells.
Cell Biol Int
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Department of Thyroid Vascular Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon for solid tumors due to a lack of effective vascular system, and has been deemed as an important factor that drives the progression of thyroid cancer (TC) via altering the characteristics of tumor cells. The present study suggested that hypoxic TC cells enhanced cancer stem cell properties and progression of TC by delivering long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 665 (LINC00665)-containing exosomes. Specifically, TPC1 cells were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic environment, and it was found that hypoxic TPC1 cells-secreted exosomes (H-exo) were enriched with LINC00665, compared to normoxic TPC1 cells-derived exosomes (N-exo).
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