TNF-α, IL-1β, and oxidative stress during fracture healing with or without ankaferd.

Aims: Whether ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) has a negative or positive effect on bone union during fracture healing is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum changes of oxidative stress markers, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) during fracture healing process with or without ABS application to bone fracture.

Material And Methods: Eight rats were used as a control group (1) that was not subject to fracture. The remaining 48 rats were divided into six groups, 8 rats in each. The femoral shaft fracture was produced by cutting with bone-scissors. One ml of ABS was applied on the fracture region in groups 3 (7th day), 5 (21st day), and 7 (45th day) or saline instead of ABS on the fracture regions in groups 2 (7th day), 4 (21st day), and 6 (45th day). Radiographs and above parameters were examined on post-fracture days 7, 21, and 45.

Results: Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls were measured in high levels in the groups 2 and 4 with respect to control. Their levels did not change statistically in the experimental groups after ABS application. The values of TNF-α and IL-1β were elevated on 7th post-fracture day according to control, but were lower (by 11.86 % and 44.48 %) in the group 3 treated with ABS comparing to group 2. Radiographic examination indicated a low callus formation on fracture union in the femoral fractures of groups 3 and 5 treated with ABS.

Conclusion: The present findings may suggest that ABS application seems to be ineffective on fracture union in early fracture healing period, except for bleeding control (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 26).