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HIF-1α and VEGF Immunophenotypes as Potential Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its related vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a significant role in atherosclerosis and their targeting is a strategic approach that may affect multiple pathways influencing disease progression. This study aimed to perform a systematic review to reveal current evidence on the role of HIF-1α and VEGF immunophenotypes with other prognostic markers as potential biomarkers of atherosclerosis prognosis and treatment efficacy.
Methods: We performed a systematic review of the current literature to explore the role of HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression along with the relation to the prognosis and therapeutic strategies of atherosclerosis.
The Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on the Endothelial Cell Methylome and Cardiovascular Disease Development.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. A common underlying hallmark of CVD is the plaque-associated arterial thickening, termed atherosclerosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the aetiology of atherosclerosis remain unknown, it is clear that both its development and progression are associated with significant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation within the vascular cell wall.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ins and outs of liver fat metabolism: The effect of phenotype and diet on risk of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation.
Exp Physiol
January 2025
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
In health, the liver is a metabolically flexible organ that plays a key role in regulating systemic lipid and glucose concentrations. There is a constant flux of fatty acids (FAs) to the liver from multiple sources, including adipose tissue, dietary, endogenously synthesized from non-lipid precursors, intrahepatic lipid droplets and recycling of triglyceride-rich remnants. Within the liver, FAs are used for triglyceride synthesis, which can be oxidized, stored or secreted in very low-density lipoproteins into the systemic circulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSarcopenia and Cardiogeriatrics: The Links Between Skeletal Muscle Decline and Cardiovascular Aging.
Nutrients
January 2025
Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is increasingly recognized as a significant condition in the aging population, particularly among those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the interplay between sarcopenia and cardiogeriatrics, emphasizing shared mechanisms such as chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), hormonal dysregulation, oxidative stress, and physical inactivity. Despite advancements in diagnostic frameworks, such as the EWGSOP2 and AWGS definitions, variability in criteria and assessment methods continues to challenge standardization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting the Heart of Mycobacterium: Advances in Anti-Tubercular Agents Disrupting Cell Wall Biosynthesis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
infections continue to pose a significant global health challenge, particularly due to the rise of multidrug-resistant strains, random mycobacterial mutations, and the complications associated with short-term antibiotic regimens. Currently, five approved drugs target cell wall biosynthesis in . This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these drugs and their molecular mechanisms.
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