We investigate the maximal size of distinguished submatrices of a Gaussian random matrix. Of interest are submatrices whose entries have an average greater than or equal to a positive constant, and submatrices whose entries are well fit by a two-way ANOVA model. We identify size thresholds and associated (asymptotic) probability bounds for both large-average and ANOVA-fit submatrices. Probability bounds are obtained when the matrix and submatrices of interest are square and, in rectangular cases, when the matrix and submatrices of interest have fixed aspect ratios. Our principal result is an almost sure interval concentration result for the size of large average submatrices in the square case.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/11-bej394 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
CNN is considered an efficient tool in brain image segmentation. However, neonatal brain images require specific methods due to their nature and structural differences from adult brain images. Hence, it is necessary to determine the optimal structure and parameters for these models to achieve the desired results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess impingement-free internal rotation (IR) in a virtual reverse shoulder arthroplasty simulation using a Statistical Shape Model based on scapula size.
Methods: A database of over 10,000 scapulae utilized for preoperative planning for shoulder arthroplasty was analyzed with a Statistical Shape Model to obtain 5 scapula sizes including the mean and 2 standard deviations. For each scapula model, one glenosphere size (33-42 mm) was selected as the best fit based on consensus among 3 shoulder surgeons.
J Gastric Cancer
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection is performed in cases of early gastric cancer, where the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is expected to be negligible, and 12%-21% of these patients are deemed to have undergone non-curative resections based on pathological criteria. In such cases, decisions regarding additional treatments must be made to maximize curability, depending on the anticipated LNM risk. Well-established risk factors for LNM include lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, deep submucosal invasion, positive vertical margins, and larger tumor size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
We present new developments for an ab-initio model of the neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in inducing specific classes of DNA damage. RBE is evaluated as a function of the incident neutron energy and of the depth inside a human-sized reference spherical phantom. The adopted mechanistic approach traces neutron RBE back to its origin, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Environ
January 2025
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stress-induced plant volatiles play an important role in mediating ecological interactions between plants and their environment. The timing and location of the inflicted damage is known to influence the quality and quantity of induced volatile emissions. However, how leaf characteristics and herbivore feeding behaviour interact to shape volatile emissions is not well understood.
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