Effect of age on stiffness modulation during postural maintenance of the arm.

The ability to modify the mechanical impedance of our limbs allows us to perform a variety of motor control tasks while interacting with the environment in a stable manner. Prior work has shown that young, healthy people are capable of modulating arm stiffness via selective muscle co-contraction to account for external disturbances in various directions. Increased age detrimentally affects control of movement and stability, although the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits are not entirely understood. In this study, younger and older subjects performed a static postural maintenance task with two types of directional force perturbations. Older individuals showed significantly less stiffness modification between the two perturbation conditions compared to the younger individuals, indicating less optimal modulation of arm impedance. This impairment should be considered during motor control evaluation in older populations, whether it be activities of daily living or skill assessment.