The article is dedicated to 150th anniversary of onset of medical and philanthropic activity of institutions of the Moscow merchant society at Schipok Street. Nowadays, in the buildings of society the A.V. Vishnevskiy Institute of surgery is situated. The archive documents were used to consider the characteristics of activity of precursors of the Institute, including the role of these structures in becoming of national public health. The value of private initiative in development of medicine and charity is demonstrated. The importance of historical traditions for contemporaries is emphasized.
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