MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are around 22 nucleotides in length. miRNAs play a key role in neuronal development, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate the expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1), a key enzyme in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Changes in miRNA expression as a causal factor in AD have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the abnormal expression of miRNAs may contribute to AD pathology, specifically through the regulation of BACE1.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2013.858249 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Triple negative breast cancers often contain higher numbers of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with other breast cancer subtypes, with their number correlating with prolonged survival. Since little is known about tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte trafficking in triple negative breast cancers, we investigated the relationship between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and the vascular compartment to better understand the immune tumour microenvironment in this aggressive cancer type. We aimed to identify mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for immune cell trafficking in triple negative breast cancers, specifically of basal type, that could potentially be manipulated to change such tumours from immune "cold" to "hot" thereby increasing the likelihood of successful immunotherapy in this challenging patient population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Healthc Manag
January 2025
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Goal: This study aimed to compare the value of tax exemptions and community benefits across various nonprofit hospitals and show how hospital and geographical characteristics can explain the values.
Methods: Data from 2017 to 2021 Internal Revenue Service Form 990s were used to evaluate 17 types of community benefits in nonprofit hospitals and assess six categories of tax benefits. Descriptive analyses compared charity care, community benefits, and estimated tax exemptions among nonprofit hospitals while considering variations in teaching status, location (rurality), and US region.
J Healthc Manag
January 2025
Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Jacksonville, Florida.
Goal: While studies have examined quality and health outcomes related to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS's) Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) Program, a significant gap exists in the literature regarding the relationship between pay-for-performance initiatives and hospital financial performance in the program's Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain. This study examined the association between hospitals' cost inefficiency and participation in the HVBP Program by estimating the probability and magnitude of improvement or achievement in the program's Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain.
Methods: The 2014-2019 Efficiency and Cost Reduction domain data were obtained from CMS and merged with the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey Database.
Nicotine Tob Res
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Introduction: Varenicline is an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist with the highest therapeutic efficacy of any pharmacological smoking cessation aid and a 12-month cessation rate of 26%. Genetic variation may be associated with varenicline response, but to date no genome-wide association studies of varenicline response have been published.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the genetic contribution to varenicline effectiveness using two electronic health record-derived phenotypes.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
The progression of periodontal disease (PD) involves the action of oxidative stress mediators. Antioxidant agents may potentially attenuate the development of this condition. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of humic acid (HA), extracted from biomass vermicomposting, on redox status and parameters related to PD progression in rats.
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