Predictors of hospitalization in patients with syncope assisted in specialized cardiology hospital.

Background: Risk stratification of a syncopal episode is necessary to better differentiate patients needing hospitalization of those who can be safely set home from the emergency department. Currently there are no strict guidelines from our Brazilian medical societies to guide the cardiologist that evaluate patients in an emergency setting.

Objectives: To analyze the criteria adopted for defining the need for hospitalization and compare them with the predictors of high risk for adverse outcome defined by the OESIL score that is already validated in the medical literature for assessing syncope.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with syncope during emergency department evaluation at our institution in the year 2011.

Results: Of the 46,476 emergency visits made in that year, 216 were due to syncope. Of the 216 patients analyzed, 39% were hospitalized. The variables associated with the need of hospital admission were - having health care insurance, previous known cardiovascular disease, no history of prior stroke, previous syncope and abnormal electrocardiograms during the presentation. In comparison with those not admitted OESIL scores of 0-1 were associated with a greater chance of emergency discharge; 2-3 scores showed greater association with the need of hospitalization. A score > 2 OESIL provided an odds ratio 7.8 times higher for hospitalization compared to score 0 (p <0.001, 95% CI:4,03-15,11). In approximately 39% no etiological cause for syncope was found and in 18% cardiac cause was identified.

Conclusions: Factors such as cardiovascular disease, prior history of syncope, health insurance, no previous stroke and abnormal electrocardiograms, were the criteria used by doctors to indicate hospital admission. There was a good correlation between the clinical judgment and the OESIL criteria for high risk described in literature.