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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Background: Knowledge of the inhalable particulate matter components responsible for health effects is important for developing targeted regulation.
Objectives: In a double-blind randomised cross-over trial of controlled human exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and their endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-glucan components, we evaluated acute inflammatory responses.
Methods: 35 healthy adults were exposed to five 130-min exposures at rest: (1) fine CAPs (~250 µg/m(3)); (2) coarse CAPs (200 µg/m(3)); (3) second coarse CAPs (~200 µg/m(3)); (4) filtered air; and (5) medical air. Induced sputum cell counts were measured at screening and 24 h postexposure. Venous blood total leucocytes, neutrophils, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) were measured pre-exposure, 3 and 24 h postexposure.
Results: Relative to filtered air, an increase in blood leucocytes 24 h (but not 3 h) postexposure was significantly associated with coarse (estimate=0.44×10(9) cells/L (95% CI 0.01 to 0.88); n=132) and fine CAPs (0.68×10(9) cells /L (95% CI 0.19 to 1.17); n=132), but not medical air. Similar associations were found with neutrophil responses. An interquartile increase in endotoxin (5.4 ng/m(3)) was significantly associated with increased blood leucocytes 3 h postexposure (0.27×10(9) cells/L (95% CI 0.03 to 0.51); n=98) and 24 h postexposure (0.37×10(9) cells/L (95% CI 0.12 to 0.63); n=98). This endotoxin effect did not differ by particle size. There were no associations with glucan concentrations or interleukin-6, CRP or sputum responses.
Conclusions: In healthy adults, controlled coarse and fine ambient particle exposures independently induced acute systemic inflammatory responses. Endotoxin contributes to the inflammatory role of particle air pollution.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761440 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101498 | DOI Listing |
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