The search for the encephalitogenic factor driving pathogenic T cells in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and psoriasis has proven to be a long and difficult mission, which is not yet completed. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, the importance of the transcription factor T-bet, previously shown to be essential for the induction of autoimmune disease in mice, is challenged. Two independent groups, O'Connor et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013. 43:2818-2823] report] and Grifka-Walk et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013. 43:2824-2831], report that T-bet is not mandatory for T cells to cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as a paradigmatic T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Both groups found that T-bet KO mice were fully susceptible to develop EAE, both after immunization with self-antigen and after adoptive transfer of IL-23-polarized autoaggressive T cells. T-bet deficiency mediated the loss of IFN-γ expression but retained or even enhanced GM-CSF and IL-17 production by central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating T cells. These findings indicate that we have lost the last transcriptional regulator previously held to be required for the generation of autoimmune pathogenic T cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201344109 | DOI Listing |
Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Pathogenic Biology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
Objective The prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains is exacerbating the global burden of tuberculosis (TB), highlighting the urgent need for new treatment strategies for TB. Methods The recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) phosphodiesterase B (CnpB) (rAd-CnpB), was administered to normal mice via mucosal immunization, either alone or in combination with drug therapy, to treat Mtb respiratory infections in mice.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of antibodies in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res
January 2025
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic nematode that poses significant public health risks and causes substantial economic losses. Understanding its invasion mechanisms is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Background: In vivo evaluations of the antimicrobial efficacy of biomaterials often use bioluminescent imaging modalities based on bioluminescent bacteria to allow follow-up in single animals. Bioluminescence production by bacteria is dependent on their metabolic activity. It is well known that several factors can influence the metabolism of bacteria, such as the use of antimicrobials and changes in bacterial growth phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
As nucleus-forming phages become better characterized, understanding their unifying similarities and unique differences will help us understand how they occupy varied niches and infect diverse hosts. All identified nucleus-forming phages fall within the Chimalliviridae family and share a core genome of 68 unique genes including chimallin, the major nuclear shell protein. A well-studied but non-essential protein encoded by many nucleus-forming phages is PhuZ, a tubulin homolog which aids in capsid migration, nucleus rotation, and nucleus positioning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Invasion into bladder epithelial cells (BECs) on the bladder luminal surface via type 1 fimbria is the first critical step in UPEC infection. Although type 1 fimbria expression increases during UPEC invasion of BECs, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.
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