Behavior that resembles instruction following might sometimes be under stimulus control of extraneous variables. We evaluated the effects of some of these variables (i.e., presence of relevant objects, associations between instructions and object sets) with 3 children with intellectual disabilities. In Experiment 1, we assessed whether subjects were more likely to follow instructions that required object manipulation and whether subjects were more likely to follow these instructions when only relevant objects were present. All subjects were more likely to follow instructions that required object manipulation when only relevant objects were present. In Experiment 2, we evaluated whether instruction following would be less likely if the same object set was associated with multiple instructions, and found this to be the case for 2 of 2 subjects. Findings highlight the need to train instruction following under different conditions to ensure that responding comes under stimulus control of the instructions.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
Busy walking paths, like in a park, city centre, or shopping mall, frequently necessitate collision avoidance behaviour. Lab-based research has shown how different situation- and person-specific factors, typically studied independently, affect avoidance behaviour. What happens in the real world is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Economics, University Carlos III, Getafe, Spain.
Climate change is a spatial and temporarily non-uniform phenomenon that requires understanding its evolution to better evaluate its potential societal and economic impact. The value added of this paper lies in introducing a quantitative methodology grounded in the trend analysis of temperature distribution quantiles to analyze climate change heterogeneity (CCH). By converting these quantiles into time series objects, the methodology empowers the definition and measurement of various relevant concepts in climate change analysis (warming, warming typology, warming amplification and warming acceleration) in a straightforward and robust testable linear regression format.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biol (Stuttg)
January 2025
Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Nature offers a bewildering diversity of flower colours. Understanding the ecology and evolution of this fantastic floral diversity requires knowledge about the visual systems of their natural observers, such as insect pollinators. The key question is how flower colour and pattern can be measured and represented to characterise the signals that are relevant to pollinators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Department of Development Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Village development in Indonesia has become the national development agenda prioritized in conjunction with the enactment of the Village Law in 2014. Village development through smart village is considered relevant to the current era's progress and rapid technological advancements. Smart village is often defined as the concept of village development based on the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in the early detection and management of breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the imaging performance of a range of clinically-used breast ultrasound systems using a set of novel spherical lesion contrast-detail (C-D) and anechoic-target (A-T) phantoms.
Methods: C-D and A-T phantoms were imaged using a range of clinical breast ultrasound systems and imaging modes.
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