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Modified human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells restore cortical excitability after focal ischemic stroke in rats.
Mol Ther
January 2025
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Neurosciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Allogeneic modified bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSC-SB623 cells) are in clinical development for the treatment of chronic motor deficits after traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemic stroke. However, their exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of this cell therapy on cortical network excitability, brain tissue, and peripheral blood at a chronic stage after ischemic stroke in a rat model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA rare case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Radiol Case Rep
October 2024
HCA Florida Bayonet Point Hospital, 14000 Fivay Rd, Hudson, FL 34667, USA.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to John Cunningham (JC) virus reactivation most often in immunocompromised patients. The brainstem and the anterior corpus callosum are uncommon locations for white matter lesions. We present a case of PML in a 40-year-old female presenting to the emergency department for a tonic seizure with transient postictal confusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJC virus spread is potentiated by glial replication and demyelination-linked glial proliferation.
Brain
December 2024
Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY 14604, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a viral brain infection caused by the JCV virus, primarily affecting individuals with weakened immune systems.
- The study found that the proliferation of glial cells (a type of brain cell) enhances the replication and spread of the JCV virus within the brain, especially when these cells are actively dividing compared to when they are not.
- In experiments with human glial chimeric mice, JCV infection resulted in significant cell death and increased demyelination, indicating that the conditions created by the virus and the immune response can accelerate the progression of PML.
A case of a cerebellar form of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
CEN Case Rep
June 2024
Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is caused by the reactivation of the polyomavirus JC virus (JCV). It favors the cerebrum and typically occurs in patients with immunodeficiencies, with a progressive course and fatal outcome in the majority of cases. However, the cerebellar form of PML, characterized by isolated posterior fossa lesions, such as those in the cerebellum or brainstem at disease onset, is rare, and reports of its occurrence in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFI saw the "shrimp sign": Cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Clin Imaging
July 2024
Department of Radiology, Hospital Univesitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA, Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2640-102, Brazil.
The shrimp sign is characterized by a well-defined lesion in the deep cerebellar white matter, with hyperintense signal on T2- and hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging, abutting and outlining the dentate nucleus, unilaterally or bilaterally. This sign has high sensitivity and specificity for cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) within the correct clinical scenario. In this article, we present a case of cerebellar PML in a woman living with human immunodeficiency virus, who was not using antiretroviral therapy, and presented the shrimp sign on brain MRI.
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