We formulate and analyze the third-frequency-moment sum rules for the two-dimensional (point) dipole system (2DDS) and the mass-symmetric electron-hole bilayer (EHB) in their strongly coupled liquid phases. The former, characterized by the repulsive interaction potential φ_{D}(r)=μ^{2}/r^{3} (μ is the electric dipole moment), reasonably well approximates the latter in the d → 0 limit (d is the interlayer spacing), a conjecture that is further supported by the findings of the present work. We explore the extent to which the in-phase sum rule for the closely spaced EHB may or may not reconcile with its 2DDS sum-rule counterpart. This is the main emphasis of the present work.
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Environ Health (Wash)
December 2024
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin (NOR), NOR degradation products (NOR-DPs, P1-P8) were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/HO) technology. NOR degradation did not significantly affect cytotoxicity of NOR against BV2, A549, HepG2, and Vero E6 cells. Compared with that of NOR, mutagenicity and median lethal concentration of P1-P8 in fathead minnow were increased, and bioaccumulation factor and oral median lethal dose of P1-P8 in rats were decreased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
November 2024
Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
We identify a recently proposed shifting operation on classical phase space as a gauge transformation for statistical mechanical microstates. The infinitesimal generators of the continuous gauge group form a noncommutative Lie algebra, which induces exact sum rules when thermally averaged. Gauge invariance with respect to finite shifting is demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulation in the transformed phase space which generates identical equilibrium averages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Nonlinear, four-wave mixing vibrational spectroscopies are commonly used to probe electron-vibration coupling in isotropic media. Most of these methods rely on infrared and/or Raman transitions, but methods involving hyper-Raman transitions are also possible. Hyper difference frequency generation (HDFG) spectroscopy is an underdeveloped four-wave mixing vibrational spectroscopy based upon both infrared absorption and hyper-Raman scattering transitions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Condens Matter
December 2024
Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
We give an introductory account of the recent hyperdensity functional theory for the equilibrium statistical mechanics of soft matter systems (Sammüller2024098201). Hyperdensity functionals give access to the behaviour of arbitrary thermal observables in spatially inhomogeneous equilibrium many-body systems. The approach is based on classical density functional theory applied to an extended ensemble using standard functional techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
November 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy and PQSEI, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
We propose the gauge theory bootstrap, a method to compute the pion S matrix that describes the low-energy physics of the strong interaction and other similar gauge theories. The phase shifts of the S0, P1, and S2 waves obtained are in good agreement with experimental results. The only numerical inputs are the quark mass m_{q}, the QCD scale Λ_{QCD}, the pion mass m_{π}, and the pion decay constant f_{π} without any other experimental data.
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