Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) may decrease the frequency of behavior by either inducing satiation or terminating the response-reinforcer contingency (extinction). Another possibility is that the target behavior is replaced by other behaviors maintained by preexisting contingencies. We conducted 2 experiments in which we allowed access to a target response and several alternatives. In Experiment 1, NCR, preceded by contingent reinforcement (CR) for the target, produced a reduction in the target and an increase in the alternatives in 2 subjects with intellectual disabilities. To separate the effects of NCR from the availability of alternative responses, we presented CR conditions to 4 subjects in Experiment 2 with and without the availability of alternatives. The availability of alternatives decreased the target in only 1 subject. Subsequent manipulations showed that reductions in the target were solely a function of NCR for the other 3 subjects. Thus, response competition may have marginal effects on response suppression during NCR.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.61 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Wolbachia-Based Approaches to Controlling Mosquito-Borne Viral Threats: Innovations, AI Integration, and Future Directions in the Context of Climate Change.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Wolbachia-based mosquito control strategies have gained significant attention as a sustainable approach to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. These endosymbiotic bacteria can limit the ability of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical-based interventions. With the growing impact of climate change on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission, Wolbachia interventions represent an adaptable and resilient strategy for mitigating the public health burden of vector-borne diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Culture-Derived Saponin Adjuvant Enhances Immune Response Against a Stabilized Human Metapneumovirus Pre-Fusion Vaccine Candidate.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
Unlabelled: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Background: No vaccine for the prevention of HMPV is currently licensed, although several subunit vaccines are in development. Saponin-based adjuvant systems (AS), including QS-21, have transformed the field of subunit vaccines by dramatically increasing their potency and efficacy, leading to the development of several licensed vaccines.
Oral Vaccine Formulation for Immunocastration Using a Live-Attenuated ΔSPI2 Strain as an Antigenic Vector.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Immunization against Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) has been successfully explored and developed for the parenteral inoculation of animals, aimed at controlling fertility, reducing male aggressiveness, and preventing boar taint. Although effective, these vaccines may cause adverse reactions at the injection site, including immunosuppression and inflammation, as well as the involvement of laborious and time-consuming procedures. Oral vaccines represent an advancement in antigen delivery technology in the vaccine industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined Barrier-Target Coverage for Directional Sensor Network.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary.
Over the past twenty years, camera networks have become increasingly popular. In response to various demands imposed on these networks, several coverage models have been developed in the scientific literature, such as area, trap, barrier, and target coverage. In this paper, a new type of coverage task, the Maximum Target Coverage with k-Barrier Coverage (MTCBC-k) problem, is defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective Detection of Formaldehyde and Nitrogen Dioxide Using Innovative Modeling of SnO Surface Response to Pulsed Temperature Profile.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes (LAAS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31031 Toulouse, France.
The need for odor measurement and pollution source identification in various sectors (aeronautic, automobile, healthcare…) has increased in the last decade. Multisensor modules, such as electronic noses, seem to be a promising and inexpensive alternative to traditional sensors that were only sensitive to one gas at a time. However, the selectivity, the non-repetitiveness of their manufacture, and their drift remain major obstacles to the use of electronic noses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!