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Genetic structure of Plasmodium falciparum populations across the Honduras-Nicaragua border. | LitMetric

Genetic structure of Plasmodium falciparum populations across the Honduras-Nicaragua border.

Malar J

Instituto de Investigacion en Microbiologia, Escuela de Microbiologia, UNAH, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Published: October 2013

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study focuses on malaria transmission along the Caribbean coast of Central America, specifically the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which still poses a threat despite reduced sickness rates in recent years.
  • Researchers analyzed genetic diversity and population structure of P. falciparum in 110 parasite samples from Honduras and Nicaragua, particularly the Moskitia region, using seven microsatellite loci.
  • The results showed low genetic diversity and distinct population clusters, with one primarily consisting of samples from both countries and another smaller cluster from the Siuna community in Nicaragua, reflecting a correlation with declining malaria rates in the area.

Article Abstract

Background: The Caribbean coast of Central America remains an area of malaria transmission caused by Plasmodium falciparum despite the fact that morbidity has been reduced in recent years. Parasite populations in that region show interesting characteristics such as chloroquine susceptibility and low mortality rates. Genetic structure and diversity of P. falciparum populations in the Honduras-Nicaragua border were analysed in this study.

Methods: Seven neutral microsatellite loci were analysed in 110 P. falciparum isolates from endemic areas of Honduras (n = 77) and Nicaragua (n = 33), mostly from the border region called the Moskitia. Several analyses concerning the genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, population structure, molecular variance, and haplotype clustering were conducted.

Results: There was a low level of genetic diversity in P. falciparum populations from Honduras and Nicaragua. Expected heterozigosity (H(e)) results were similarly low for both populations. A moderate differentiation was revealed by the F(ST) index between both populations, and two putative clusters were defined through a structure analysis. The main cluster grouped most of samples from Honduras and Nicaragua, while the second cluster was smaller and included all the samples from the Siuna community in Nicaragua. This result could partially explain the stronger linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the parasite population from that country. These findings are congruent with the decreasing rates of malaria endemicity in Central America.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851272PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-354DOI Listing

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