Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common among women of childbearing age and the available pharmacological therapies have different side-effect profiles.
Objective: We summarized the evidence about the side effects of oral contraceptive pills, metformin, and anti-androgens in women with PCOS.
Data Source: Sources included Ovid Medline, OVID EMBASE, OVID Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and CINAHL from inception through April 2011.
Study Selection: We included comparative observational studies enrolling women with PCOS who received the agents of choice for at least 6 months and reported adverse effects.
Data Extraction: Using a standardized, piloted, and Web-based data extraction form and working in duplicate, we abstracted data from each study and performed meta-analysis when possible.
Data Synthesis: We found 22 eligible studies of which 20 were randomized. No study reported severe side effects (eg, lactic acidosis, thromboembolic episodes, liver toxicity, cancer incidence, or pregnancy loss). Meta-analysis demonstrated no significant change in weight in oral contraceptive pills or flutamide users. Indirect evidence from populations without PCOS demonstrated no increased risk of lactic acidosis with metformin, only case reports of liver toxicity with flutamide (no comparative evidence), and increased relative risk difference of venous thromboembolism with oral contraceptive pills but very low absolute risk. Evidence on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer was inconclusive.
Conclusions: Drugs commonly used to treat PCOS appear to be associated with very low risk of severe adverse effects although data are extrapolated from other populations.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5399491 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2374 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cardiometabolic Index and Stress Urinary Incontinence in US Women: The Mediating Role of the Triglyceride Glucose Index.
Int Urogynecol J
January 2025
The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition among women, significantly impairing their quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction may play a role in the development of SUI, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to examine the association between the cardiometabolic index (CMI), a novel marker of metabolic health, and the risk of SUI in women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of 24-Hour Diet- or Exercise-Induced Energy Availability Manipulations on Substrate Utilization and Performance.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
November 2024
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA.
Purpose: To examine sex-based differences in substrate oxidation, postprandial metabolism, and performance in response to 24-hour manipulations in energy availability (EA), induced by manipulations to energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE).
Methods: In a Latin Square design, 20 endurance athletes (10 females using monophasic oral contraceptives and 10 males) undertook five trials, each comprising three consecutive days. Day one was a standardized period of high EA; EA was then manipulated on day two; post-intervention testing occurred on day three.
Selective progesterone receptor modulators for the treatment of dysmenorrhea: an update.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a painful symptom associated with uterine contractions and menstrual bleeding and is treated by administering analgesic drugs. Since progesterone receptors (PRs) have a major role in regulating uterine tissues (myometrium and endometrium) oral contraceptives are used off-label for treating primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. The development of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) a class of synthetic steroids with agonistic, antagonistic, or mixed effects in targeting PRs in different tissues stimulated their possible clinical use for treating secondary dysmenorrhea related to uterine diseases (endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationship between hormonal contraceptives, level of anxiety and emotional awareness: pilot project.
Physiol Res
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
An important part of the side effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) usage is its psychological impact, which includes mood changes, anxiousness and depression. The psychological impacts are expected to be caused by physiological fluctuations of sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle; this cycling is, however, suppressed in COC users. In our study, we assessed the differences in emotional awareness and anxiousness between women long term users of anti-androgenic COC (AA) and women with no COC use in their medical history (C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation between hormone therapy and glioma risk in US women: a cancer screening trial.
Menopause
January 2025
From the Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Objective: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and the role of hormone therapy (HT) in their development remains controversial. This study with a cohort design aimed to investigate the association between HT use and glioma risk using the data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
Methods: We analyzed data from 75,335 women, aged 50-78, who were enrolled between 1993 and 2001.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!