Single-stage repair of the anterior chest wall following sternal destruction complicated by mediastinitis.

Purpose: Although various techniques have been described, the ideal reconstructive procedure for treating massive sternal fragmentation and necrosis is still a matter of debate. Sometimes, reconstruction is so challenging that repetitive operations are required, particularly when complicated by mediastinitis and sternal osteomyelitis.

Methods: Five patients (three males, two females, median age 66) with severe osteomyelitis and sternal destruction after receiving myocardial revascularization underwent partial or radical sternal resection, omental flap transposition, titanium mesh implantation and rectus abdominis muscle flap transposition. The final procedure involved single-stage closure.

Results: One patient died 9 days after the final procedure due to pneumonia and septicemia. The other patients received antibiotics for at least 6 weeks postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was 36 days. Optimal wound healing was observed, with acceptable cosmetic disorders.

Conclusions: Although lateral sternal support is the first-line surgical treatment for sternal dehiscence, performing primary closure of complicated defects is often impossible. Aggressive treatment modalities are required in such cases for anterior chest wall defects. This technique provides the ability to perform rigid and stable sternal closure in complicated cases.