[Determinants of direct cost in schizophrenia patients with persistent positive symptoms].

Objective: To analyze direct costs and cost determinants in psychotic patients with persistent positive symptoms (PPS).

Methods: A total of 330 patients with PPS were recruited via 6 university clinics and interviewed about service utilization in the previous 3 months. After monetary valuation, costs were analyzed via generalized linear mixed models with gamma distribution and log-link function to identify determinants of direct costs.

Results: The mean costs were 7,065 € and resulted predominantly from psychiatric hospital care (63 %), assisted living (17 %) and complementary services (8 %). We found statistically significant associations between direct costs and an increasing score of the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (+ 2,484 € per point, p < 0.001) and experiencing less than one social contact per week (- 2,272 €, p = 0.003).

Conclusion: PPS incurred substantial direct costs which primarily resulted from hospital treatment, and were strongly associated with symptom severity.