Evaluation of: Rosenblatt J, Avivi I, Vasir B et al. Vaccination with dendritic cell/tumor fusions following autologous stem cell transplant induces immunologic and clinical responses in multiple myeloma patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 19(13), 3640-3648 (2013). Recently, dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusion vaccines have been explored as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. Fusion vaccines offer several advantages that distinguish them from other DC-based vaccines. In this Phase II clinical trial, Rosenblatt et al. demonstrate that repeated immunization with a DC-tumor fusion vaccine after autologous stem cell transplantation induces myeloma-specific immunity and improves clinical response. They showed that generation of an autologous fusion vaccine with dendritic and myeloma cells was feasible and that vaccination was well tolerated without grade 3-4 toxicities. The results of this study suggest that the time after autologous stem cell transplantation represents a unique setting for cancer vaccination and that combining autologous stem cell transplantation with post-transplant vaccination increases the immunogenicity.
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