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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.117321 | DOI Listing |
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Perivascular adipose tissue: a central player in the triad of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular health.
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Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a dynamic tissue that affects vascular function and cardiovascular health. The connection between PVAT, the immune system, obesity, and vascular disease is complex and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular inflammation. In cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, in cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proinflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migrationpromoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.
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Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Diverse macrophage populations inhabit the rodent and human central nervous system (CNS), including microglia in the parenchyma and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) in the meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular spaces. These innate immune phagocytes are essential in brain development and maintaining homeostasis, but they also play diverse roles in neurological diseases. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of CNS macrophages in regulating vascular function in health and disease.
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Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India. Electronic address:
The Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) is a crucial link between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. Xenobiotics, originating from diverse sources, play a significant role in shaping this interaction. This review examines how these compounds influence neurotransmitter dynamics within the GBA.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of MS remains elusive, with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Recent studies showed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a potential player in the development and progression of MS.
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School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, Health Sciences Building, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland. Electronic address:
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