Drug formulations containing polyethylene glycol may give rise to formation of reaction products between the aforementioned and the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Supercritical fluid chromatography has recently achieved new interest and improved instrumentation is now available. Here, supercritical fluid chromatography has been evaluated for its possible use for determination of reactions products formed between polyethylene glycol and active pharmaceutical ingredients. A mixture of polyethylene glycols with average molecular weights of 400-6000Da was separated with supercritical fluid chromatography using silica columns and carbon dioxide modified with methanol as mobile phase. Satisfactory resolution (Rs=1.2) of the individual oligomers up to a molecular weight of 1000Da was obtained using evaporative light scattering as detection technique. The active pharmaceutical ingredients, cetirizine or indomethacin were investigated in a reaction mixture containing polyethylene glycol 400 after incubation at 80°C for 120h. Polyethylene glycol esters formed upon reaction with both active pharmaceutical ingredients were observed as polymeric patterns with ultraviolet detection and identified with mass spectrometry. Cetirizine was observed to be more reactive than indomethacin. The observed difference in reactivity is due to differences in polar and steric effects between cetirizine and indomethacin. Evaporative light scattering, ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectrometric detection were investigated and each detection technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, but in order to be able to detect selected impurities in the complex mixture of impurities formed, mass spectrometry is superior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.039 | DOI Listing |
Chirality
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Efficient enantioselective separation is a critical process in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for the production of chiral compounds. Herein, we developed a novel approach for the efficient enantioselective separation of primary amines using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a commercially available SFC column, Cel1. The key factors of separation, including cosolvent ratios, total cosolvent percentages, and temperature, were systematically assessed in this study.
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January 2025
Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran.
Lavender is one of the most appreciated aromatic plants, with high economic value in food, cosmetics, perfumery, and pharmaceutical industries. Lavender essential oil (LEO) is known to have demonstrative antimicrobial, antioxidant, therapeutic, flavor and fragrance properties. Conventional extraction methods, e.
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December 2024
Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) (Universidad de La Rioja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Gobierno de La Rioja), 26007 Logroño, Spain.
The objectives of this study were to obtain and characterise polyphenolic extracts from red grape pomace of L. cv Graciano via conventional solvent extraction (SE) and green supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains of intestinal origin. The SE and SFE methods were optimised, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/QqQ-MS/MS) analysis revealed 38 phenolic compounds in the SE sample, with anthocyanins being the predominant polyphenols, and 21 phenolic compounds in the SFE samples, among which hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonols were the predominant compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1171, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
Green chemistry focuses on reducing the environmental impacts of chemicals through sustainable practices. Traditional methods for extracting bioactive compounds from leaves, such as hydro-distillation and organic solvent extraction, have limitations, including long extraction times, high energy consumption, and potential toxic solvent residues. This study explored the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and gas-expanded liquid (GXL) processes to improve efficiency and selectivity.
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January 2025
Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Propolis is a valuable natural resource for extracting various beneficial compounds. This study explores a sustainable extraction approach for Brazilian green propolis. First, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process parameters were optimized (co-solvent: 21.
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