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Antisera-Neutralizing Capacity of a Highly Evolved Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from an Immunodeficient Patient.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Industrial Transformation, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China.
Article Synopsis
- The serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) can revert and lead to vaccine-derived poliovirus, posing a threat to eradication efforts, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- A study analyzed changes in specific amino acids within the virus's structure that affect its ability to be neutralized by immune serum from vaccinated individuals.
- The findings indicate that mutations in the virus significantly reduce the effectiveness of antibodies, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of immunocompromised populations and maintaining high vaccination rates in these communities.
A highly immunogenic UVC inactivated Sabin based polio vaccine.
NPJ Vaccines
November 2024
Biological Mimetics Inc., 124 Byte Drive, 21702, Frederick, MD, USA.
Despite their efficacy, the currently available polio vaccines, oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), possess inherent flaws posing significant challenges in the global eradication of polio. OPV, which uses live Sabin attenuated strains, carries the risk of reversion to pathogenic forms and causing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polio disease (VDPD) in incompletely vaccinated or immune-compromised individuals. Conventional IPVs, which are non-replicative, are more expensive to manufacture and introduce biohazard and biosecurity risks due to the use of neuropathogenic strains in production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReceptors and Host Factors for Enterovirus Infection: Implications for Cancer Therapy.
Cancers (Basel)
September 2024
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- Enteroviruses can cause a range of illnesses, from mild to severe, but also hold potential as treatments for cancer due to their ability to target specific cells.
- The interaction between enteroviruses and host cell receptors is crucial for viral entry and replication, and understanding these interactions can enhance personalized cancer therapies.
- Techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 are being used to study the role of different receptors in viral attachment and uptake, paving the way for more effective cancer treatments using enteroviruses.
Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Viral and Bacterial Coinfections in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents Aged under 18 Years with COVID-19 during the Omicron Wave in Russia.
Viruses
July 2024
FSASI "Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- * A study in Russia examined 574 hospitalized children under 18 with COVID-19 from January 2022 to March 2023, finding about one-third had coinfections, predominantly adenovirus and bacterial infections.
- * Results indicated that while viral coinfections led to higher fevers and bronchitis, bacterial coinfections resulted in longer illnesses and increased pneumonia, suggesting that seasonal viruses may have been more harmful to children during the Omicron wave than SARS-CoV-2 alone.
Monitoring the VDPV2 outbreak in Egypt during 2020-2021 highlights the crucial role of environmental surveillance and boosting immunization in combating Poliovirus.
BMC Infect Dis
August 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Organization of African Union, Ain Shams University, St. Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Background: Poliovirus is a highly infectious enterovirus (EV) that primarily affects children and can lead to lifelong paralysis or even death. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are a great threat since they are derived from the attenuated virus in the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) and can mutate to a more virulent form. The purpose of this study was to identify VDPV serotype 2 through the year 2020-2021 via surveillance of sewage samples collected from different localities and governorates in Egypt and stool specimens from Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases.
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