AI Article Synopsis
- The brain plays a significant role in regulating bone mass, indicating that signals from bones may influence brain functions.
- Researchers discovered that the hormone osteocalcin, produced by osteoblasts, can cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance brain function, affecting neurotransmitter synthesis, anxiety, and learning.
- Maternal osteocalcin also supports fetal brain development by preventing neuron death during pregnancy, showing how bone-derived signals can influence cognitive functions and maternal effects on offspring brain health.
Article Abstract
The powerful regulation of bone mass exerted by the brain suggests the existence of bone-derived signals modulating this regulation or other functions of the brain. We show here that the osteoblast-derived hormone osteocalcin crosses the blood-brain barrier, binds to neurons of the brainstem, midbrain, and hippocampus, enhances the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters, inhibits GABA synthesis, prevents anxiety and depression, and favors learning and memory independently of its metabolic functions. In addition to these postnatal functions, maternal osteocalcin crosses the placenta during pregnancy and prevents neuronal apoptosis before embryos synthesize this hormone. As a result, the severity of the neuroanatomical defects and learning and memory deficits of Osteocalcin(-/-) mice is determined by the maternal genotype, and delivering osteocalcin to pregnant Osteocalcin(-/-) mothers rescues these abnormalities in their Osteocalcin(-/-) progeny. This study reveals that the skeleton via osteocalcin influences cognition and contributes to the maternal influence on fetal brain development.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864001 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.042 | DOI Listing |
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