Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a form of uveitis that can potentially lead to blindness. In Brazil and other parts of South America, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis is an important cause of posterior uveitis in children and healthy young adults. If diagnosed and treated in early stage, allows a resolution of symptoms with improvement of visual acuity. If the disease progresses to the late stage, can result in significant visual loss. In this study, through a literature review, we describe the main characteristics of this disease, including the following aspects: history, etiology, physiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment.
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