HIV-associated nephropathy in Saudi Arabia.

Ann Saudi Med

Dr. Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi, Department of Medicine,, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre,, MBC#46 PO Box 3354,, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia,

Published: May 2014

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) among HIV-positive patients, a condition mainly affecting individuals of African descent and characterized by symptoms like proteinuria and kidney failure.
  • A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a referral center from 1990 to 2010, involving 585 HIV-positive patients, with focus on proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) for identifying renal disease.
  • Results revealed that out of 248 eligible patients, 12% exhibited abnormal proteinuria, with significant correlations found between abnormal protein levels and the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension; the study concluded that HIVAN prevalence in Saudi Arabia is notably higher than in non-African patients from developed countries.

Article Abstract

Background And Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common cause of chronic renal failure in HIV patients with African descent. It usually presents with proteinuria, enlarged kidneys, and rapidly progressive renal failure, often over several weeks to months. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of HIVAN in our HIV population.

Design And Settings: Cross-sectional observational study in a referral center covering the period of 1990- 2010.

Methods: Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) were used to identify renal disease and suspicious cases of HIVAN with abnormal proteinuria and e-GFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results: Of 585 HIV-positive patients, 248 were eligible to inclusion criteria. Most of the patients were male, that is, 165 (67%) were male compared to 83 (33%) female with the mean age 39 years; 240 (96.7%) were on antiretroviral therapy. Thirty (12%) patients had abnormal proteinuria and 218 (88%) had normal urinary protein and e-GFR. No significant differences were observed in demographic data, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, viral load, creatinine level, and e-GFR among both groups. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the abnormal proteinuria group (10 patients [33.3%] compared to 30 patients [13.8%] in the normal group (P=.0139) and the prevalence of hypertension in the abnormal proteinuria group (11 patients [36.7%] compared to 22 patients [10%] in the normal group (P=.002). Sixteen patients (6.6% of the cohort) met the study definition of HIVAN.

Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal proteinuria and HIVAN among HIV-infected patients in Saudi Arabia is higher than that of non-African patients in developed countries.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078509PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.347DOI Listing

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