Purpose: In mouse models of prostate cancer, increased epinephrine levels accelerated tumor growth via the beta2-adrenoreceptor/PKA signaling pathway. It is unknown, however, whether men experience increased epinephrine levels sufficient to activate the beta2-adrenoreceptor/PKA pathway in the prostate gland. We measured epinephrine levels in blood samples collected immediately prior to prostate biopsies and measured phosphorylation of S133CREB (PKA site), S112BAD, T202/Y204ERK, and S473 Akt in prostate biopsy tissue samples.
Methods: Tissue samples and 3 ml of blood were obtained from men (n = 20) recruited from the patients scheduled for prostate biopsies. Epinephrine levels were measured by ELISA. Proteins were extracted from biopsied tissue, and protein phosphorylation was measured by Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Pearson and Spearman's rank correlations were analyzed to assess relationships between blood epinephrine levels and phosphorylation of CREB, BAD, AKT, and ERK.
Results: Epinephrine levels above 1 nM were detected in 5 of 20 patients. A strong positive correlation was observed between increased epinephrine levels and CREB phosphorylation. In contrast, no correlation was observed between epinephrine levels and phosphorylation of ERK, BAD, or AKT.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased blood epinephrine levels activate the beta2-adrenoreceptor/PKA signaling pathway in human prostate glands. These results will inform future studies to examine whether beta2-selective blockers can inhibit activation of the epinephrine/ADRB2/PKA pathway in prostate tumors of men with increased epinephrine levels and explore the use of beta2-selective blockers as adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959255 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11255-013-0513-0 | DOI Listing |
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