Infant overweight as early marker of childhood overweight in Brazil.

Objective: To investigate infant overweight and rapid weight gain as predictors of overweight and adiposity in childhood.

Methods: Prospective, longitudinal birth cohort following 153 low-income Brazilian children. Weight, length, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured on enrolment and 6-monthly for 18 months. Anthropometric z-scores were calculated.

Results: Infants with overweight were >5 times likely to have MUAC z-score >2, >6 times likely to have weight-for-height/length z-score >2 and >3 times likely to have TSF z-score >2 during childhood. Children with more than two overweight episodes were 27.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.1-87.9] times more likely to have MUAC z-score >2 and 13.8 (95% CI 4.4-43.9) times more likely to have TSF z-score >2 in childhood. Rapid weight gain increased 10.7 (95% CI 2.3-50.0) times the risk of childhood overweight.

Conclusions: Infant overweight and rapid weight gain predict overweight and adiposity in childhood among low-income children.