In situ hybridization and immunostaining of Xenopus brain.

The dynamic expression pattern analysis provides the primary information of gene function. Differences of the RNA and/or protein location will provide valuable information for gene expression regulation. Generally, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are two main techniques to visualize the locations of gene transcripts and protein products in situ, respectively. Here we describe the protocol for the whole brain dissection, the in situ hybridization and immunostaining of the developing Xenopus brain sections. Additionally, we point out the modification of in situ hybridization for microRNA expression detection.