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Immune adaptor ADAP in T cells regulates HIV-1 transcription and cell-cell viral spread via different co-receptors. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • ADAP (adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein) plays a crucial role in T-cell adhesion and proliferation, but its link to HIV-1 infection was previously unexplored.
  • The study reveals that ADAP, through its interaction with SLP-76, influences HIV-1 infection via two mechanisms: it activates NF-κB for HIV-1 transcription and aids in the formation of T-cell conjugates for viral spread.
  • The research suggests that targeting ADAP could be a promising strategy in preventing HIV-1 infection due to its regulatory role in two distinct steps of the viral life cycle.

Article Abstract

Background: Immune cell adaptor protein ADAP (adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein) mediates aspects of T-cell adhesion and proliferation. Despite this, a connection between ADAP and infection by the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) has not been explored.

Results: In this paper, we show for the first time that ADAP and its binding to SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) regulate HIV-1 infection via two distinct mechanisms and co-receptors. siRNA down-regulation of ADAP, or expression of a mutant that is defective in associating to its binding partner SLP-76 (termed M12), inhibited the propagation of HIV-1 in T-cell lines and primary human T-cells. In one step, ADAP and its binding to SLP-76 were needed for the activation of NF-κB and its transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in cooperation with ligation of co-receptor CD28, but not LFA-1. In a second step, the ADAP-SLP-76 module cooperated with LFA-1 to regulate conjugate formation between T-cells and dendritic cells or other T-cells as well as the development of the virological synapse (VS) and viral spread between immune cells.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that ADAP regulates two steps of HIV-1 infection cooperatively with two distinct receptors, and as such, serves as a new potential target in the blockade of HIV-1 infection.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851709PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-101DOI Listing

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