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Epigenetic Inhibitors Differentially Impact TGF-β1 Signaling Cascades in COPD Airway Smooth Muscle Cells.
Cells
December 2024
School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive and incurable airflow obstruction and chronic inflammation. Both TGF-β1 and CXCL8 have been well described as fundamental to COPD progression. DNA methylation and histone acetylation, which are well-understood epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, are associated with COPD progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScaling of quantitative cardiomyocyte properties in the left ventricle of different mammalian species.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, 30625 Hanover, Germany.
Small mammals have a higher heart rate and, relative to body mass (Mb), a higher metabolic rate than large mammals. In contrast, heart weight and stroke volume scale linearly with Mb. With mitochondria filling approximately 50% of a shrew cardiomyocyte - space unavailable for myofibrils - it is unclear how small mammals generate enough contractile force to pump blood into circulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatterns of Cerebellar-Cortical Structural Covariance Mirror Anatomical Connectivity of Sensorimotor and Cognitive Networks.
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltered Connectome Topology in Newborns at Risk for Cognitive Developmental Delay: A Cross-Etiologic Study.
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
The human brain connectome is characterized by the duality of highly modular structure and efficient integration, supporting information processing. Newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), prematurity, or spina bifida aperta (SBA) constitute a population at risk for altered brain development and developmental delay (DD). We hypothesize that, independent of etiology, alterations of connectomic organization reflect neural circuitry impairments in cognitive DD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphometric and Morphological Study of Thoracic and Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus).
Anat Histol Embryol
January 2025
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
This study investigates the gross morphological and morphometric characteristics of thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) in guinea pigs, utilising micro-CT imaging and anatomical dissection. The findings reveal 13 thoracic and six lumbar IVDs were identified, with thoracic discs transitioning from rounded forms at T1-T3 to triangular and heart-shaped structures at T4-T13, while lumbar IVDs exhibited a consistently flattened heart shape. Morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant differences, with lumbar IVDs being larger in lateral and dorsoventral width, disc area, annulus fibrosus (AF) area and nucleus pulposus (NP) area, and ventral height compared to thoracic discs.
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