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Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis: Clinical associations, outcomes, and proposed diagnostic criteria.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Objective: We describe neurologic phenotype, clinical associations, and outcomes in autoimmune brainstem encephalitis.
Methods: Medical records of neural-IgG positive autoimmune brainstem encephalitis patients diagnosed at Mayo Clinic (January 1, 2006-December 31, 2022) were reviewed.
Results: Ninety-eight patients (57 male) were included.
Unveiling the Enigma: A Peculiar Encounter of Concurrent Anti--methyl-D-aspartate Receptor and Anti-Hu Antibody Positive Paraneoplastic Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
J Assoc Physicians India
December 2024
Junior Resident, Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Delhi, India.
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are mostly immune-mediated, tumor-associated disorders. Earlier the 2004 PNS criteria were used which are now partially outdated due to advances in PNS research and also identification of new phenotypes and antibodies that have transformed the diagnostic approach to PNS; hence, a new criterion was proposed in 2016. They can have multifarious presentations, ranging from behavioral abnormalities to altered sensorium and coma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Anti-Hu syndrome - an unusual cause of vertigo].
Praxis (Bern 1994)
November 2024
Palliative Care, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur.
On the palliative care ward, we treated a man with a small cell lung cancer who was suffering from vertigo for six years, however the vertigo got stronger the last six months with pronounced coordination disorders. After several examinations, the cause was a paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) with Hu-antibodies. PNS are various neurological malfunctions, which occur mostly in certain patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral sleep apnea as an initial presentation of small cell lung carcinoma with anti-Hu antibody-related paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome.
Respirol Case Rep
December 2024
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan.
Anti-Hu antibody-related paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS), a rare disease primarily associated with small cell lung carcinoma, is characterized by diverse neurologic manifestations. Central sleep apnea, although rare, is specific to anti-Hu antibody-related PNS. Herein, we present a case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attributed to hypercapnic central sleep apnea and detail the subsequent workup that revealed anti-Hu brainstem encephalitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on neurological symptoms induced as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) or neurological immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Herein, we report a 68-year-old male patient with small-cell lung cancer who developed memory impairment and autonomic nervous system dysfunction after three courses of carboplatin, etoposide, and durvalumab therapy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense areas restricted to the bilateral temporal lobes.
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