Background: In a previous study we have shown that wounding of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves induces a strong and transient immunity to Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed within minutes after wounding and are required for wound-induced resistance to B. cinerea.
Results: In this study, we have further explored ROS and resistance to B. cinerea in leaves of A. thaliana exposed to a soft form of mechanical stimulation without overt tissue damage. After gentle mechanical sweeping of leaf surfaces, a strong resistance to B. cinerea was observed. This was preceded by a rapid change in calcium concentration and a release of ROS, accompanied by changes in cuticle permeability, induction of the expression of genes typically associated with mechanical stress and release of biologically active diffusates from the surface. This reaction to soft mechanical stress (SMS) was fully independent of jasmonate (JA signaling). In addition, leaves exposed soft mechanical stress released a biologically active product capable of inducing resistance to B. cinerea in wild type control leaves.
Conclusion: Arabidopsis can detect and convert gentle forms of mechanical stimulation into a strong activation of defense against the virulent fungus B. cinerea.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-13-133 | DOI Listing |
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
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Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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January 2025
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210000, China.
Aiming at the effects caused by stress and deformation on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) sensors, the stress distribution in the radiation area of the MEMS infrared light source is investigated, and by simulating and optimizing the thickness of the composite support film of the chip structure in COMSOL, a film layer thickness matching with lower stress and deformation for the MEMS infrared light source is derived. The utilization of the particle swarm algorithm and backpropagation neural network model allowed for the optimization of simulation data, enabling regression prediction over a broader range of thicknesses and providing a more precise depiction of the stress distribution trend. In addition, the specifications of the MEMS device help us to analyze the design of the support film thickness in the processing of the residual stress within the controllable range.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries hold promise for meeting the industrial demands for high energy density and safety. However, voids are formed at the lithium metal anode/solid-state electrolyte interface during stripping, deteriorating interface contact and reducing the cycle stability. Stack pressure and operating temperature are effective methods to activate creep deformation in lithium metal, promoting interfacial deformation and alleviating void-induced interface issues.
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December 2024
Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
Ball-milling of addition polymers such as polyolefins, polystyrene and polyacrylates can be used for depolymerization to obtain the respective monomers. However, absolute yields are typically low, especially from polyolefins which are notoriously difficult to depolymerize. To increase the viability of ball milling as a recycling technique, the effect of milling parameters on small hydrocarbon and monomer yields has to be understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
Department of Mechanics, Electrical Power and Computer, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Dissimilar laser welding of martensitic AISI 1060 carbon steel and Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 was performed based on an experimental and numerical study. The experiments were then conducted based on central composite design experiments (CCD) and analyzed via the response surface methodology (RSM) by considering the effect of laser welding process parameters (incident laser power, speed of welding, nozzle distance and deviation of laser beam) on the weld joint characterization. The experimental results showed that the laser power had a remarkable effect on the melt pool depth.
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