Lipopolysaccharide induces TLR-1-8 mRNAs over-expression in corneal fibroblast. Analyzing if other TLR-ligands can do the same, we found that peptidoglycan does, but not muramyldipeptide, lipoteichoic acid and polyI:C. This suggests that the recognition of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan is enough to alert these cells against microorganisms through the over-expression of the majority TLRs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-838220110003000025 | DOI Listing |
Pain
October 2024
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWH) inhibits hyperalgesia induced by diverse pronociceptive inflammatory mediators and their second messengers, in rats of both sexes. However, the hyperalgesia induced by ligands at 3 pattern recognition receptors, lipopolysaccharide (a toll-like receptor 4 agonist), lipoteichoic acid (a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist), and nigericin (a NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activator), and oxaliplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are only attenuated in males. After gonadectomy or intrathecal administration of an antisense to G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPER) mRNA, HMWH produces antihyperalgesia in females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotics (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Chiba, Japan.
Amphibian skin is a valuable source of host defense peptides (HDPs). This study aimed to identify HDPs with novel amino acid sequences from the skin of and analyze their functions. cDNAs encoding HDP precursors were cloned and sequenced using RT-PCR and 3'-RACE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
November 2024
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), an organic acid of Gram-positive bacteria, is closely related to mastitis in dairy cows. This study evaluates the effect of LTA-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in vitro using MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and in dairy cows with mastitis. LTA stimulation significantly increases ER stress and apoptosis-related factors in MAC-T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntioxidants (Basel)
November 2024
Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China.
As a critical disease usually infected by , with a worldwide effect on dairy animals, subclinical mastitis is characterized by persistence and treatment resistance. During mastitis, the blood-milk barrier (BMB)'s integrity is impaired, resulting in pathogen invasion and milk quality decline. In this study, it was found that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound derived from ginseng, inhibited the onset of tight junction (TJ) dysfunction and ameliorated lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced BMB disruption inside and outside the organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med Sci
January 2025
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Background: Clostridium butyricum is a probiotic widely used in animal husbandry, and there is evidence to suggest that it can alleviate intestinal inflammation in pigs and may be related to its lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but the mechanism is still unclear.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of C. butyricum LTA on LPS-stimulated inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial line-J2 (IPEC-J2).
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