Crossmatch-positive liver transplantation in patients receiving thymoglobulin-rituximab induction.

Transplantation

1 Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. 2 Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. 3 Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Methodist Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. 4 Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. 5 Address correspondence to: Chandrashekhar A. Kubal, M.D., Ph.D., Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 North University Boulevard, Room 4601, Indianapolis, IN.

Published: January 2014

Background: Positive crossmatch (CM) in liver transplantation (LT) is associated with worse outcomes. Role of induction immunosuppression in this setting remains to be studied.

Methods: One thousand consecutive LT patients receiving rabbit antithymocyte globulin±rituximab induction were studied. Pretransplantation sera of 55 CM-positive (CM) patients were tested for C1q-fixing donor-specific antibodies (DSA). Diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection required presence of diffuse vascular C4d expression on liver biopsies.

Results: CM was positive in 112 (11%) recipients. Antibody-mediated rejection was observed in 3 (0.03%) patients, whereas acute cellular rejection (ACR) occurred in 31 (3%) patients. CM status was associated with a higher incidence of ACR (9% in CM vs. 2% in CM-negative [CM]; P<0.01) and chronic rejection (4% in CM vs. 1% in CM; P<0.01). Graft survival was slightly lower in CM patients (at 1 year; 85% in CM vs. 89% in CM; P=0.26). Patients with autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis as a group had a tendency toward CM status as well as developing ACR. Upon multivariate analysis, CM status was the strongest predictor of ACR (B=1.14; P=0.02). Only half of CM patients harbored C1q-fixing DSA. Presence of C1q-fixing DSA was not associated with increased incidence of ACR.

Conclusions: In LT, CM status is associated with an increased incidence of acute rejection, chronic rejection, and slightly worse graft survival. With the use of rabbit antithymocyte globulin±rituximab induction, overall low rejection rates can be achieved in CM LT.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3182a688c0DOI Listing

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