Haemoproteus syrnii in Strix aluco from France: morphology, stages of sporogony in a hippoboscid fly, molecular characterization and discussion on the identification of Haemoproteus species.

In France, Haemoproteus syrnii is frequently found in the Tawny Owl, Strix aluco. Additional and complementary features of this species, and in particular the characteristics of volutin, are presented. The authors consider the volutin granules as constant in a given species, and discuss their taxonomic value. These cytoplasmic inclusions appear early during the first stages of development of the gametocytes as an initial granule which multiplies as the parasite develops. They were reported in some species of Haemoproteus but are seldom considered as a specific character and described with precision. Sporogony from ookinete to apparently mature sporozoites appears to take place in a pupiparous hippoboscid (Ornithomyia sp.). One specimen was crushed between two slides and stained with Giemsa. Gametocytes of H. syrnii, many ookinetes, an immature oocyst and mature sporozoites were observed spread all over the smear. This would allow classifying this species in the Haemoproteus subgenus. We provide associated molecular data derived from the cyt b and cox 1 gene from this parasite. We discuss the problems of multiple infections and the difficulties in identifying Haemoproteus species and in deriving conclusions from sequences deposited in databases.