Recent advances in cancer therapy have resulted in an increased number of long-term cancer survivors. Infertility, however, might be the consequence of an efficient cancer treatment. For young patients affected by cancer accesses to the partly established and partly still experimental options to preserve fertility are crucial. As decisions on fertility preservation have to be made in the short time period after diagnosis and before onset of cancer treatment, counselling is challenging. Based on an overview on technical options to preserve fertility, the ethical dilemma will be discussed and the nowadays available study results concerning the psychological dimension and the requirements for counselling will be presented. Due to the complexity of the topic a multidisciplinary approach considering experts' recommendations is indispensable.
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