Expression of functional, recombinant mammalian proteins often requires expression in mammalian cells (see Single Cell Cloning of a Stable Mammalian Cell Line). If the expressed protein needs to be made frequently, it can be best to generate a stable cell line instead of performing repeated transient transfections into mammalian cells. Here, we describe a method to generate stable cell lines via electroporation followed by selection steps. This protocol will be limited to the CHO dhfr-Urlaub et al. (1983) and LEC1 cell lines, which in our experience perform the best with this method.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-418687-3.00017-3 | DOI Listing |
Math Biosci Eng
December 2024
Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany.
In this article, we reconsider the classical target cell limited dynamical within-host HIV model, solely taking into account the interaction between $ {\rm{CD}}4^{+} $ T cells and virus particles. First, we summarize some analytical results regarding the corresponding dynamical system. For that purpose, we proved some analytical results regarding the system of differential equations as our first main contribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
January 2025
College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
The Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is a nanoscale thickness passivation layer that forms as a product of electrolyte decomposition through a combination of chemical and electrochemical reactions in the cell and evolves over time with charge/discharge cycling. The formation and stability of SEI directly determine the fundamental properties of the battery such as first coulombic efficiency (FCE), energy/power density, storage life, cycle life, and safety. The dynamic nature of SEI along with the presence of spatially inhomogeneous organic and inorganic components in SEI encompassing crystalline, amorphous, and polymeric nature distributed across the electrolyte to the electrolyte-electrode interface, highlights the need for advanced in situ/operando techniques to understand the formation and structure of these materials in creating a stable interface in real-world operating conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cancer
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery have advanced significantly, but LNP-mediated DNA delivery still faces clinical challenges. This study compared various LNP formulations for delivering DNA-encoded biologics, assessing their expression efficacy and the protective immunity generated by LNP-encapsulated DNA in different models. The LNP formulation used in Moderna's Spikevax mRNA vaccine (LNP-M) demonstrated a stable nanoparticle structure, high expression efficiency, and low toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
M. ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that can cause mild to moderate pneumonia and reduced productivity in domestic lambs. However, studies on both natural and experimental M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Island 000000, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Methanol (ME) is a liquid hydrogen carrier, ideal for on-site-on-demand H generation, avoiding its costly and risky distribution issues, but this "ME-to-H" electric conversion suffers from high voltage (energy consumption) and competitive oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that a synergistic cofunctional PtPd/(Ni,Co)(OH) catalyst with Pt single atoms (Pt) and Pd nanoclusters (Pd) anchored on OH-vacancy(V)-rich (Ni,Co)(OH) nanoparticles create synergistic triadic active sites, allowing for methanol-enhanced low-voltage H generation. For MOR, OH* is preferentially adsorbed on Pd and then interacts with the intermediates (such as *CHO or *CHOOH) adsorbed favorably on neighboring Pt with the assistance of hydrogen bonding from the surface hydrogen of (Ni,Co)(OH).
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