Mucosal immunity is one of the most important factors of human anti-influenza defense. The data about local immune responses in influenza A (H3N2) patients and in persons vaccinated within 2000-2009 with different seasonal LAIVs, A (H1N1)pdm2009 LAIV, and A (H5N2) LAIV are discussed. The influenza infection resulted in the larger quantities of local IgA and IgG conversions than seasonal LAIV vaccination. 56% of young (18-21 y.o.) persons had high titers (> or = 1:64) of IgA to A (H1N1)pdm2009 virus before its circulation. 19% of persons had anti A (H5N2) IgA before vaccination. Two-fold vaccination with A (H1N1) pdm2009 and A (H5N2) LAIVs resulted in local antibody conversions in 54% and 27% of volunteers, respectively. Both these vaccines increased local IgA avidity. The number of antibody conversions after vaccination with seasonal LAIVs was in inverse dependence on their titers before vaccination. These results make it possible to conclude that the intensity of local antibody immune response to any LAIV depends on the state of local immunological memory, particularly on the presence of the crossreactive antibody-secreting B cells.
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