The pharmacokinetic study of a new original antipsychotic drug Dilept in healthy volunteers was performed. Volunteers received Dilept as single 20, 40 or 60 mg tablets. The parent drug in the human blood plasma was detected in low concentrations and short-term time due to intensive biotransformation with formation of two metabolites N-caproyl-L-prolyl-tyrosin (M-1) and N-caproyl-L-prolin (M-2). After 20 and 40 mg of Dilept parent drug was detected in certain time points and after 60 mg for 1 h. M-1 and M-2 metabolites were registered in the blood plasma for 4 - 8 h. Theirs concentrations were 10 - 100 times higher of unchanged drug ones. Metabolites pharmacokinetics in the studied dosage range was nonlinear.
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Medicina (Kaunas)
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.
Clozapine is a highly effective antipsychotic used for treating treatment-refractory psychotic and mood disorders. However, clozapine also has a serious risk of side effects leading to mortality, particularly its potentiated risk of leading to pneumonia. This review aims to overview the demographic and health-related risk factors leading to pneumonia to better inform risk assessment for clozapine users and to summarise current theories on the mechanisms for clozapine-associated pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Saf
December 2024
Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Box 117, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
Drug-induced cognitive impairment (DICI) is a well-established, yet under-recognised, complication of many types of pharmacological treatment. While there is a large body of scientific literature on DICI, most papers are about drug-induced dementia in the elderly and one specific drug class. However, DICI also comprises subclinical symptoms, domain-specific forms of cognitive impairment as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and delirium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Rep
December 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.
Sudden cessation of the drug can cause withdrawal syndrome, discontinuation syndrome, or rebound effect. The common feature of these phenomena is a quick onset, usually limited duration depending on the drug's half-life and remission after restarting the therapy. They are characterized by varying clusters of somatic, autonomic, and psychiatric symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Ther
December 2024
Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary.
Introduction: Cariprazine (CAR) is a potent dopamine receptor partial agonist antipsychotic approved by the EMA and the FDA. To address the uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives during CAR co-administration and whether a second barrier method is necessary, a drug-drug interaction study with an oral contraceptive was conducted post-approval.
Methods: The phase I, fixed-sequence multicenter study involved two periods with 24 patients with schizophrenia, aiming to evaluate the effect of CAR on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 30 μg ethinylestradiol (EE) and 150 μg levonorgestrel (LNG).
BMC Psychiatry
December 2024
John George Psychiatric Hospital, 2060, Fairmont Drive, San Leandro, CA, 94578, USA.
Background: There is considerable research on the ramifications of medication non-adherence for adults with psychotic illnesses. Much of which has tightly controlled designs and strict inclusion/exclusion procedures (i.e.
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