This study intends to shed light on the inconclusive argument pertaining to children's acquisition of logical form (LF) operation. Specifically, we examined children's interpretations of sentences with the ambiguous modal verb yinggai 'should,' like 'Xiaohua yinggai shangchuang shuijiao le', whose meanings depend on the landing sites of yinggai at LF (root interpretation: Xiaohua is obligated to go to bed now. epistemic interpretation: It is the case that Xiaohua has gone to bed.). The results of truth value judgment task from 15 children (range: 4;8-6;2, mean: 5;4) and 37 adults indicate that both groups tend to interpret the ambiguous yinggai as epistemic readings and that children's interpretation is adult-like. Thus, this study supports (Syrett and Lidz's in Lang Acquis 16:67-81, 2009) view that 5-year-olds have adult-like LF development and their difficulties in interpreting covert movements may be reduced to extra-grammatical factors.
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BMJ Open
March 2025
Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Introduction: Primary headaches pose a significant burden on children and adolescents, highlighting the need for effective non-pharmacological interventions. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive modality that has demonstrated efficacy in adult populations with primary headaches and has shown safety in adolescents with mental health disorders. However, its effectiveness in managing acute headache episodes and preventing recurrences in paediatric populations remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
March 2025
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Objectives: Air pollutants are known neurotoxicants. In this updated systematic review, we evaluate new evidence since our 2019 systematic review on the effect of outdoor air pollution exposure on childhood and adolescent brain structure and function as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus we conducted an updated literature search and systematic review of articles published through January 2025, using key terms for air pollution and functional and/or structural MRI.
PLoS One
March 2025
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
Introduction: Infectious diarrheal diseases are one of the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The incidence of diarrhea is higher in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), where more than 90% of deaths from diarrheal diseases occur. Diagnostic tests for infectious diarrhea are not readily available in Low-Middle-Income Countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Cancer Res
March 2025
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition condition characterized by a high lifetime risk for a wide spectrum of malignancies associated with germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Secondary malignant neoplasms are particularly common. Early cancer detection through surveillance enables early intervention and leads to improved clinical outcomes with reduced tumor-related mortality and treatment-related morbidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Teach
March 2025
Centre for Healthcare Simulation, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
There is a growing recognition of the importance of familial involvement in patient care. In Asian societies, communications with patients' families for routine medical updates and shared decision-making are considered part-and-parcel of clinical practice. Yet, training in familial communications has remained, by and far, a neglected aspect of conventional communications skills training in the medical curriculum, despite distinctive nuances in the communications approach.
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