The activity of antinociceptive mechanisms induced by footshock (FS) and morphine injection was studied in experiments on rats with bilateral destruction of group A10 neurones of the ventral tegmental area. The latent periods of the hot plate and tail flick pain reactions to FS and morphine increased significantly in the experimental and control groups as compared to the initial values. In morphine injection these indices were the same in the experimental and control groups. In FS the latent periods of the reaction were significantly greater in the experimental group. Thus, destruction of dopaminergic neurons of A10 nuclei intensifies the antinociceptive effects in FS but has no effect on the pain-relieving action of systemic morphine injection.
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Cancer
February 2025
Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background: There is much concern that opioids administered as intravenous (iv) bolus for pain relief may inadvertently increase their risk for abuse. However, there is insufficient data to support this. The authors compared the abuse liability potential, analgesic efficacy, and adverse effect profile of fast (iv push) versus slow (iv piggyback) administration of iv hydromorphone among hospitalized patients requiring iv opioids for pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
There is clinical concern about the combined use of alcohol and opiates. Several lines of evidence support an interaction between alcohol and the endogenous opioid system. Thus, we hypothesized that ethanol, by causing the release of opioid peptides, may sensitize the system to the action of exogenous opioids such as morphine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: We have previously demonstrated that an extrafascial injection of 20 ml of local anaesthetic for interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) reduces the rate of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis by 70% compared with an intrafascial injection, with similar efficacy. In this double-blind trial, we tested the hypothesis that a local anaesthetic volume of 10 ml injected extrafascially would reduce the rate of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis vs a volume of 20 ml, while providing similar analgesia.
Methods: Sixty ASA physical status 1-3 patients scheduled for elective shoulder surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised to receive ultrasound-guided extrafascial ISB using ropivacaine 0.
Neuroscience
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address:
Background: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a serious complication during the pain treatment. Ketamine has been commonly reported to treat OIH, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota is recently recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the occurrence and treatment of OIH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Crit Care Med (Targu Mures)
October 2024
"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Opioids represent one of the key pillars in postoperative pain management, but their use has been associated with a variety of serious side effects. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the timing and course of opioid administration in order to ensure a best efficacy to side-effect profile. The aim of our article was to investigate the analgesic effects of locally administered morphine sulfate (intraplantar) in a carrageenan-induced inflammation model in rats.
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