Usefulness of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions in a general hospital.

Aim: To investigate the efficiency of guided bronchoscopy compared to blind techniques in the study of non-visible pulmonary lesions.

Materials And Methods: A one-year, retrospective, study was conducted comparing two populations: Biopsies were either performed conventionally (FB-B) with the help of static images and the second where biopsies were performed after guidance (FB-EBUS). A 20-MHz radial-type ultrasound probe was used to obtain images. Sampling techniques, like bronchial brushing and transbronchial biopsies, were conducted in both populations by two separate bronchoscopists. If diagnosis was not achieved a surgical biopsy or observation followed.

Results: Forty patients appeared with non-visible lesions and were included in this study. Twenty were examined with the use of FB-EBUS and in 20 cases FB-B was conducted. At the FB-EBUS population a pathologic lesion was visualized in 16 cases (80%) and in 15 cases (75%) a diagnosis was achieved. All lesions that weren't visualized had a diameter less than 30 mm. At the FB-B population a diagnosis was achieved in 11 cases (55%). In pulmonary lesions with a diameter more than 30 mm, the diagnostic yield was 87, 5% using guidance and 61, 5% using FB-B and in lesions less than 30 mm 66, 67% and 42, 85% respectively. Moreover, left lower lobe was the most promising to obtain a diagnosis.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that in patients with a non-visible pulmonary lesion a diagnostic strategy involving the choice of EBUS-guided biopsy is a reasonable and effective choice.