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Salivary cortisol measures across the clinical stages of psychosis: An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
January 2025
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Background: Studies of salivary cortisol levels in psychosis have yielded inconsistent findings, which may be attributable to heterogeneity in cortisol measurement, illness stage, and approaches to dealing with sampling factors and potential confounders. To address these issues, we performed an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis comparing individuals at different stages of psychosis to controls using five different salivary cortisol measures and explored potential effect modifiers.
Methods: Salivary cortisol data from five London-based cohorts were used to derive the cortisol awakening response, total daytime cortisol output, basal cortisol, and diurnal slope measures (wake-to-evening and peak-to-evening).
Placental mitochondrial metabolic adaptation maintains cellular energy balance in pregnancy complicated by gestational hypoxia.
J Physiol
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
The mechanisms that drive placental dysfunction in pregnancies complicated by hypoxia and fetal growth restriction remain poorly understood. Changes to mitochondrial respiration contribute to cellular dysfunction in conditions of hypoxia and have been implicated in the pathoaetiology of pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia. We used bespoke isobaric hypoxic chambers and a combination of functional, molecular and imaging techniques to study cellular metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in sheep undergoing hypoxic pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including both mechanical (such as stiffening of the ECM) and chemical (such as variation of adhesion proteins and deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA)) changes, in malignant tissues have been shown to mediate tumor progression. To survey how cells from different tissue types respond to various changes in ECM mechanics and composition, we measured physical characteristics (adherent area, shape, cell stiffness, and cell speed) of 25 cancer and 5 non-tumorigenic cell lines on 7 different substrate conditions. Our results indicate substantial heterogeneity in how cell mechanics changes within and across tissue types in response to mechanosensitive and chemosensitive changes in ECM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in multidisciplinary perceptions of trauma video review following implementation of a novel program: let us go to the tape.
Trauma Surg Acute Care Open
January 2025
Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Background: Trauma video review (TVR) is an evolving technology that can be used to measure technical and non-technical aspects of trauma care leading to meaningful improvements. Only 30% of centers currently use TVR, with non-users citing medicolegal concerns, staff discomfort with recording, and resource constraints as barriers to implementation. Multiple studies have shown established TVR programs are well-perceived by staff.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: UGN-101, a reverse thermal mitomycin gel for upper tract instillation, recently became the first FDA approved treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the durability of UGN-101 treatment has not been well described. Here we present long term outcomes from our multi-institutional cohort for patients who initially responded to treatment.
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